Always consult a health care professional before making a decision about your medication or treatment. Learn more Close. Visual description Salt: tablet or powder in a variety of colours. Base: yellowish-green liquid, corrosive. Often sold as Ecstasy or as a substitute for amphetamines. Mechanism of action Its effect is similar to, but weaker than amphetamines. Each supplier had one or more legal high in which there was a variation in content.
In three of these, there was variation in the piperazines detected on analysis, with 1-benzylpiperazine being substituted for 1-methylbenzylpiperazine and vice-versa. In addition, there was one product, which in Months 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 contained both caffeine and 4-fluorophenylpiperazine pFPP , but contained only caffeine in Month 3.
The final product in which there was a variation in content contained 3-fluromethcathinone 3FMC and caffeine in Months 1—4, was not supplied in Month 5 and contained only caffeine in Month 6. Legal highs such as those purchased in this study are widely used in the UK and elsewhere in Europe.
We have shown that although there was no variation in the content of most legal highs supplied over the 6-month period, there was significant variation in one quarter of the products. There is the potential for significant toxicity associated with piperazine and cathinone drugs 1 , 4 , 5 and so the variation in the active drug in these compounds is important enough to be of clinical relevance. For individuals purchasing these drugs, the name of the product is insufficient information for buyers to be confident as to their exact content.
During this study it was relatively easy to purchase a number of legal highs from different Internet suppliers. However, there were months when not all the products were available for purchase. They may decide to either purchase alternative products recommended on the same site or attempt to purchase the product from a different Internet site. There is then the risk that individuals will be exposed to different active drugs than those that they may be used to.
Potentially, this could increase the risk of unwanted effects or lead to acute toxicity due to a difference in the relative amounts of active drug ingredient s.
This study was a qualitative study and therefore we did not assess the relative concentration s of the active ingredients; therefore, there is the potential that changes in the concentration s of constituents could put individuals at risk of increased acute toxicity. At the time this study was undertaken, all of the active drug classes detected were not controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act However, subsequently, the piperazines were controlled in the UK on the 23 December under this legislation.
The suppliers may either withdraw these products from sale or change the active ingredients so that they remain legal for sale in the UK. Conflict of interest : D. W and P. Google Scholar.
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Their use and the incitement to their use art L and next of the code of public health , same as their possession, transportation and trafficking articles of the penal code are strictly forbidden by the 31st of december law and therefore punishable by fine or emprisonment. Furthermore, driving under the influence of drugs is punishable by specific sanctions article L of the highway code. Home Page Drugs. Drugs Facts Take care of you and your friends.
Look into the risks associated with taking drugs to keep partying fun for everyone. Quest for pleasure for some, quest for intellectual, physical or sexual performance or even initiation ceremony to others, drug use is the consumption of psychoactive substances.
Use and abuse Where do you stand with drugs? Search for:. Piperazines are mostly ingested orally or snorted. Exact weight required. Cancel Email enquiry. Thank you We will respond to your enquiry shortly. Email Download Link. Where shall we send your requested CoA? Cancel Send Download Link. Accurate Mass Smiles Cl. IUPAC 1-[3- trifluoromethyl phenyl]piperazine;hydrochloride.
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