These serve to direct how laws set by Congress are to be carried out and enforced. They are also the president of the Senate and can break a tie should one occur during a vote. Within the executive branch are 15 executive departments, such as the Departments of Defense, State, Justice, and Education.
Cabinet members are appointed by the president to head these departments. Another part of this branch are executive agencies, independent federal commissions, and the Executive Office of the President. These positions advise the president and help carry out the responsibilities of the government. The heads of departments, agencies, and executive officials, except for White House staff, are appointed by the president and subject to confirmation by the Senate.
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The Justices of the Supreme Court are nominated by the president and must be approved by the Senate. The Constitution gives Congress the authority to establish other federal courts to handle cases that involve federal laws including tax and bankruptcy, lawsuits involving U.
Other federal judicial agencies and programs support the courts and research judicial policy. Appointments for Supreme Court Justices and other federal judgeships follow the same basic process:. Learn how cases reach the Supreme Court and how the justices make their decisions. Use this lesson plan in class. View a larger version of the infographic.
An appeal is a request for a higher court to reverse the decision of a lower court. Most appeals come from federal courts. They can come from state courts if a case deals with federal law. Dissatisfied parties petition the Court for review Parties may appeal their case to the Supreme Court, petitioning the Court to review the decision of the lower court. Justices study documents The Justices examine the petition and supporting materials.
Justices vote Four Justices must vote in favor for a case to be granted review. Parties make arguments The Justices review the briefs written arguments and hear oral arguments.
In oral arguments, each side usually has 30 minutes to present its case. The Justices typically ask many questions during this time. Justices write opinions The Justices vote on the case and write their opinions. Justices who disagree with the majority opinion write dissenting or minority opinions. The Court issues its decision Justices may change their vote after reading first drafts of the opinions. All cases are heard and decided before summer recess.
The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States.
The President, Vice President and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Please help us improve our site! No thank you. LII U. Constitution Article II. Article II Primary tabs Section 1. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected, as follows: Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector.
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