View fullsize. Manchu Queue Hairstyles. The Ming are garbage. Some disgruntled people to the North the Manchus united under Nurhaci who also hated the Ming and how they ruled his region. The Eight Trigrams sect rose up in , taking several cities and entering the Forbidden City before being defeated. The most deadly was the Taiping Rebellion , lasting from to Put into motion by Christian religious fanatic Hong Xiuquan, the city of Nanjing was occupied by rebels for a decade and 20 million Chinese died in the conflict.
The widow of Emperor Xianfeng, who ruled from to , Cixi was regent for her infant son Tongzhi from to , then for her three-year-old nephew Guangxu, who ruled for 46 years with Cixi considered the real power behind the throne.
In , Guangxu tried to take on the role of reformer in an attempt to modernize China, but this effort was squashed by Cixi after several months. The Boxer Rebellion ignited in , the work of the Harmonious Fist secret society. The group seized the property of Christian missionaries, attracting militant followers, then moved into the cities, attacking and killing foreigners. Western countries sent troops, but the Empress Dowager sided with the Boxers, declaring war on the West.
Western forces defeated the Imperial Army and the Boxers in , executing government members who had supported the Boxers and imposing sanctions that weakened the Qing rule.
The Qing Dynasty fell in , overthrown by a revolution brewing since , when western-educated revolutionary Sun Zhongshan formed the Revive China Society in Hawaii , then Hong Kong.
In , Sun united various revolutionary factions into one party with Japanese help and wrote the manifesto, the Three Principles of the People. In , the Nationalist Party of China held an uprising in Wuchang, helped by Qing soldiers, and 15 provinces declared their independence from the empire. Within weeks the Qing court agreed to the creation of a republic with its top general, Yuan Shikai, as president.
Xuantog abdicated in , with Sun creating a provisional constitution for the new country, which ushered in years of political unrest centered around Yuan. In , there was a brief attempt to reinstate the Qing government, with Xuantog being restored for less than two weeks during a military coup that ultimately failed. Cambridge Illustrated History of China.
Patricia Buckley Ebrey. The Dynasties of China. Bamber Gascoigne. China Condensed: Years of History and Culture. Ong Siew Chey. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. The Han Dynasty ruled China from B. Though tainted by deadly dramas within the royal court, it is also known for its promotion of Confucianism as the state religion and opening the Silk Road trade route to Europe, The Ming Dynasty ruled China from to A.
Known for its trade expansion to the outside world that established cultural ties with the West, the Ming Dynasty is also remembered for its drama, literature and world-renowned The Tang Dynasty is considered a golden age of Chinese arts and culture. In power from to A.
Beginning of the The Qin Dynasty established the first empire in China, starting with efforts in B. The ceramic pots and other articles made from clay hardened by heat. An immense variety of porcelains was produced, which included those for imperial relating to an empire, an emperor, or the home of royals.
Close contact between the court and resident European Jesuits in China had a great effect on aspects of Qing art. Some porcelains of the period displayed features that reflected Chinese-Western interactions. One Qing innovation was the production of exquisite wares painted with new colors and types of enamel an opaque dark paste that is used to add color to hard surfaces like metal.
It turns into a glass-like texture, which also provides protection, when heat is applied. Some of the colors, notably pink, was in part a result of imperial admiration in the seventeenth century for European enamel objects with this palette that were brought to the court by the Jesuits. The Kangxi Emperor set up workshops for the manufacture of court arts, including paintings and three-dimensional objects, as well as arts for religious devotion.
Some workshops were in the palace, and much of the manufacture of lacquerware F Other arts, like porcelain a hard, fine-grained, nonporous ceramic ware that is usually translucent and white. These workshops remained in production for the rest of the dynasty.
Qing customs of painting largely followed previously established traditions. Professional artists worked either at court or outside the court; some, however, worked in both spheres. Other artists painted as an avocation and followed the style of scholar-amateur artists. Talented professional painters who served in the palace workshops produced portraits, documentary and narrative images, copies of ancient masterpieces, and religious art; they also undertook decorative projects for palace buildings.
Some of the painters were European Jesuit jezh-oo-iht a member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola. Their representational techniques were greatly admired by the Qing emperors. Among them, Giuseppe Castiglione — , also known as Lang Shining, was a favorite. He was a key figure in establishing the new court aesthetic of combining Western style realism as can be seen in the three-dimensional modeling of a face with light and shadow with other traditions of brushwork F Artists who painted as scholar-amateur artists had various goals and practices.
Some sought to revitalize Chinese painting by careful imitation and adaptation of classical masterpieces.
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