How many periods come after etc

Et cetera and its more common abbreviation, etc. The list may include either things or people:. Since the expressions for example and such as already indicate that a list is incomplete, et cetera and etc. Note: Some guides suggest avoiding the use of etc. As an alternative, you can use such as to introduce a list, or follow the list with a phrase such as "and so on":. A comma is used before et cetera and its abbreviation, etc.

When this term appears in the middle of a sentence, it takes a comma after it as well as before it:. The abbreviation etc. If etc. A sentence in parentheses within another sentence does not take a period, because the period is reserved for the main sentence questions and exclamations, however, must have their respective marks!

An abbreviation that ends with a period must not be left hanging without it in parentheses, e. Finally, an abbreviation ending with a period that is immediately followed by a question mark or exclamation point requires both marks Q. Connect Follow on Twitter. Like on Facebook. Upvote this Answer 4 Comment. Answer: When writing scientific articles, the best thing is to avoid the problem altogether and never use "etc".

Upvote this Answer 6 Comment. Answer this question. Ask a new question. This content belongs to the Manuscript Writing Stage Translate your research into a publication-worthy manuscript by understanding the nuances of academic writing.

Who are respondents registered voters, likely voters, state residents, etc. Or they might have trouble with the foreign pronunciation.

The et of et cetera has a final T sound, but some Americans substitute a K sound. This kind of mispronunciation is called assimilation. It is a mistake, but a very common one. If you are aware of it, you can avoid making the same mistake and also recognize the phrase even when you hear it mispronounced. Native speakers also extend the meaning of certain foreign phrases beyond their definition in the original language.

Et cetera often appears when someone finds a list tedious or obvious. They might utter it in a tired tone or say the phrase rapidly.