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Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. For instance, although people of all races can develop colorectal cancer at a young age, the spike has mostly been seen among Alaska Natives, American Indians, and Whites. However, Blacks are still more likely to get colorectal cancer at a young age than Whites, even though the gap is shrinking, said Nathan Ellis, Ph.
Lee, M. In most of these places, the number of cases in younger adults started trending upward around But they do know some factors that raise the risk of colorectal cancer in older adults, including obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking.
When the incidence of a disease changes by generation, that suggests the culprit is something in the environment, rather than something biological, Dr. Ng added, with many other meeting participants agreeing.
Most of the discussions about the possible causes of early-onset disease converged on three interrelated factors: diet, bacteria in the gut, and inflammation. Using data from electronic health records, Nathan Berger, M. Unhealthy diets have become more common in past decades, the researchers pointed out.
And the number of children and adults who are overweight or obese continues to climb. In addition, Americans are spending more time sitting and less time being active. Studies have found that more TV time is also linked to a higher risk of early-onset colorectal cancer , said Yin Cao, Sc.
Other scientists have turned their focus to bacteria that live in the gut, also called the gut microbiome. Certain types of bacteria have been pegged as accomplices in the growth and spread of colorectal cancer, and some may affect how well certain cancer treatments work.
In lab studies, toxins from several types of bacteria that are normally found in the human gut caused cancer in the intestines of mice, explained Cynthia Sears, M.
Changes in the gut microbiome may be influencing the increasing rates of colorectal cancer in adults under Perhaps not surprisingly, gut bacteria are affected by the food and chemicals we eat, drink, and breathe. Studies have shown that diet, obesity, exercise, and some drugs such as antibiotics can all change the number and types of bacteria in our guts. Unhealthy diets and gut bacteria are connected in another way, too.
In one study of mice, a high-fat diet triggered gut inflammation and accelerated the growth of tumors in the intestines. As for gut bacteria, some bacterial toxins intensify inflammation, Dr. Sears noted. Studies have also shown that certain gut bacteria can recruit immune cells that help cancer grow, as well as block immune cells that fight cancer.
Inflammation can also generate harmful chemicals that can mutate DNA and promote cancer, explained Dr. Half of younger adults with colorectal cancer also have a chronic condition that can cause inflammation in the gut. The effects of these factors could start very early in life—in childhood, infancy, or even in the womb—noted Caitlin Murphy, Ph. Scientists are also examining factors in the environment as potential causes of early-onset colorectal cancer.
Such factors include things like air and water pollution, chemicals in soil and food, and pesticide use. Some of these chemicals might damage DNA, potentially leading to harmful mutations in cells of the colon and rectum. Other chemicals may have more indirect effects, pointed out Barbara Cohn, Ph.
Even though some of those chemicals are now banned, their use in earlier decades could have effects later in life for people who were born back then, Dr. Cohn explained. In addition, some environmental chemicals may have harmful effects on the complex assortment of bacteria in the gut, Dr. Woychik noted. People are exposed to many chemicals at the same time, some of which may interact in different ways, he added. Defining the causes and risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer will likely help inform approaches for prevention, screening, and treatment, Daschner said.
For instance, health care professionals could recommend lifestyle changes or more frequent screening tests to people who, because of their exposures, are at higher risk of developing colorectal cancer at a young age. A few medical organizations have lowered the recommended age to start colorectal cancer screening from 50 to For those younger than 45, tailoring colorectal cancer screening approaches to each person based on their risk factors called precision screening may improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of screening, said Dr.
Homing in on the causes and risk factors will also help scientists uncover the underlying biology of early-onset colorectal cancer. More specifically, it can help scientists pinpoint specific molecules that drive the growth of colorectal cancer in young people. Which, in turn, could hatch new ideas for colorectal cancer screening and treatment. For example, some screening tests check for specific molecules made by colorectal cancer or polyps growths that could turn into cancer.
Knowing which molecules are key to the growth of early-onset tumors could help researchers design screening or diagnostic tests that are tailored for younger adults. It could also help them develop treatments that target those key molecules an approach known as targeted therapy.
Global cancer data by country. Comparing more and less developed countries. Cancer survival statistics. Bladder cancer statistics. Colorectal cancer statistics Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Colorectal cancer rates: both sexes Hungary had the highest rate of colorectal cancer in , followed by South Korea. Rank Country Age-standardised rate per , 1 Hungary Rank Country Age-standardised rate per , 1 Norway Worldwide variations in colorectal cancer.
CA Cancer J Clin ; — Trends in cancer mortality in Mexico, Eur J Cancer Prev ; —
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